Treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine

Osteochondrosis is a degenerative disease of the spine, which manifests itself in the deformation of bone tissue and intervertebral discs.

The first symptoms can appear as early as 20-30 years, but more often the disease becomes evident within 40 years. It is divided into three categories: osteochondrosis of the lumbar, thoracic and cervical spine.

Reasons for development

The causes of the onset and development of cervical osteochondrosis are divided into the following factors:

• hereditary predisposition to the disease;
• impaired metabolism, intoxication of the body, infectious diseases;
• excess weight and increased stress on all parts of the spine, including the cervical;
• lack of fluids, vitamins or microelements, poor quality nutrition;
• spinal injuries, bruises, fractures;
• climatic or environmental conditions that adversely affect the body;
• incorrect posture, curvature of the spine;
• flat feet, wearing high-heeled shoes;
• sedentary, sedentary lifestyle;
• high activity, requiring frequent changes in body position;
• frequent physical activity on the spine;
• staying in an uncomfortable position for a long time;
• Stressful situations, nervous tension.

The appearance of osteochondrosis is often associated with professional activities. Constant physical activity, high mobility and sedentary work constitute the main risk group.

Another category of people prone to cervical osteochondrosis is formed due to the objective and external conditions of exposure. Heredity, climate, frequent hypothermia - all this contributes to an additional load on the spine. It also includes malnutrition and a lack of necessary substances that can prevent osteochondrosis in the cervical spine.

Wrong sleeping position, prolonged immobility, especially in an uncomfortable position, wearing uncomfortable shoes - all this constitutes another risk group. This also includes pregnant women, especially when carrying multiple babies or an undeveloped musculoskeletal system.

Stages in the development of osteochondrosis

The development of osteochondrosis is divided into four stages. The initial one is characterized by the development of the pathology of the nucleus pulposus. Lack of moisture and stress on the cervical spine lead to deformation of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs, and fibrous cracks appear.

Symptoms are generally absent at this stage. Their manifestation is reduced to minor pain during a prolonged uncomfortable position of the body, as well as some discomfort during active movement.

At the onset of the second stage of cervical osteochondrosis, the height of the intervertebral discs decreases. This leads to a decrease in the distance between the vertebrae, sagging of muscles and ligaments.

In this phase, the mobility of the affected vertebrae increases. This is expressed in painful expressive sensations with certain movements and positions. Discomfort can also manifest itself under certain loads.

In the third stage of development of cervical osteochondrosis, prolapses and protrusions of the intervertebral discs are formed. Often the disease is accompanied by dislocations and arthrosis of the corresponding joints.

This stage of cervical osteochondrosis is often accompanied by stiffness in some movements. There is also a lack of mobility, tingling and numbness in the limbs. Neck pain becomes evident.

The fourth stage of cervical osteochondrosis is characterized by an attempt by the body to independently correct the increased mobility of the vertebrae. In the places of their contacts, osteophytes are formed, focused on trying to fix the desired position of the spine.

These bone formations often lead to nerve entrapment. Fibrous ankylosis begins to develop in the intervertebral discs and joints. When the nerve endings are pinched, the symptoms of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine intensify. However, if there are no pinches, the signs of the disease can disappear entirely.

Symptoms

Symptoms of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine at different stages manifest themselves in different ways. Many patients in the early stages do not seek medical help.

Cases where consultation with a specialist is necessary include the following signs:

• obsessive, does not disappear at night, pain in the neck, in the area of ​​the eyes and ears, in the back of the head and in the shoulder girdle;
• frequent pain in the arms, aggravated by physical exertion, muscle weakness;
• Difficulty moving hands, reduced sensitivity and mobility of the hands and fingers;
• numbness, burning, tingling in the hands and feet;
• in the morning, there is a tension in the muscles of the neck, a feeling of "laziness" arises and there is poor mobility of the neck;
• pain when turning and tilting the head, periodically there is a shooting pain in the neck and back of the head;
• headache appears, localized in the occiput and spread to the crown and temples;
• frequent dizziness, darkening of the eyes, fainting can occur with a sharp turn of the head;
• tinnitus, appearance of "flies" in front of the eyes, decrease in visual and hearing acuity, numbness of the tongue;
• pain in the heart, the intensity of which depends on posture and is not relieved by nitroglycerin;
• growth of connective tissue in the cervical spine.

The intensity of the symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis can manifest itself in different ways. Much depends on the localization of complications: depending on which vertebrae the nerve endings are pinched, the symptoms will also be different.

If the symptoms of osteochondrosis do not allow you to live and work fully, you need to consult a doctor.

Diagnostics

If pronounced symptoms of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine are found, refer to a local therapist. It can help determine the source of pain and provide referral to a neurologist for further evaluation. A neurologist, depending on the diagnosis, is indicated in narrower specializations.

Vertebroneurologist deals with all problems in the treatment of the spine. A chiropractor can also help determine the diagnosis. In case of acute pain, they are referred to a trauma surgeon.

The osteochondrosis diagnosis process can be done manually.

However, one of the following special procedures is used for the final diagnosis:

• x-ray of the cervical spine;
• myelography;
• neurological examination for limb sensitivity and reflexes;
• computed tomography of the cervical spine (CT);
• nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR);
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Doppler ultrasound or duplex scanning may be prescribed to identify the state of the vessels in osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. It is emphasized that only an appropriate specialist can diagnose the disease.

Self-diagnosis and treatment of cervical osteochondrosis are not allowed.

How to treat osteochondrosis of the cervical spine?

Treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is prescribed in the form of complex therapy.

The following methods are included in the general procedure:

• taking drugs that eliminate symptoms and promote recovery;
• physiotherapy - water procedures, electrophoresis and other methods allow you to influence the spine in the right way;
• medical gymnastics is considered an integral way to treat osteochondrosis of the cervical spine.

In the course of treatment, highly specialized alternative methods can also be used: reflexology, massage and manual therapy, osteopathy, hirudo and apitherapy.

The main aspect of the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis is the integrated approach. Depending on the stage of the disease, the main course can last 1-3 months. In addition, restorative and strengthening therapy is prescribed, which can stretch for another year.

First aid

In case of exacerbations of osteochondrosis, first aid usually comes down to taking medications. For severe pain, use standard pain relievers.

If the effect of such drugs is absent, they turn to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, these drugs can have a negative effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Without consulting a doctor, their use is allowed only in extreme cases.

The intensity of pain in osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is also relieved with anti-inflammatory painkillers.

In case of exacerbation of osteochondrosis, physiotherapy exercises are not used - the load can lead to even greater complication. If the disease has already been diagnosed and the course of treatment is prescribed, follow the doctor's recommendations. Typically, therapy includes a number of tools used to urgently eliminate symptoms.

If this is the first manifestation of the disease, do not postpone a visit to the doctor. Medicines can relieve pain, but comprehensive diagnosis and treatment will be required to prevent relapse.

Physical education

The main cause of cervical osteochondrosis is the stress on this part of the spine. They can be expressed both in prolonged immobility with an uncomfortable posture, and in too intense mobility with an underdeveloped musculoskeletal system.

Given this aspect, gymnastics and physical exercises are the key therapy in the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis. You can do them in the morning and during the day, some can be done at work.

The whole complex of actions is designed to strengthen the musculoskeletal system, improve blood circulation and restore mobility of the vertebrae. Gymnastics can be used not only for the treatment, but also for the prevention of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine.

Sitting and standing exercises

Gymnastics for the treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine in a sitting and standing position includes the following actions:

• the palm is placed on the forehead, pressed on it with the head, opposing the resistance of the hand to the pressure, the procedure is repeated 3-4 times for 7-10 seconds;
• a similar process is performed with the back of the head: the head is pressed to the opposite palm, straining the neck muscles;
• then the procedure is carried out in the same way with the right and left sides of the head, putting a hand to the temple;
• as an alternative to the hand for the same exercises you can use a wall, in this case they lean against it with the forehead or the nape and press for a few seconds;
• the head is thrown back, overcoming the tension of the neck muscles, slowly tilted forward until the chin reaches the sternum, repeat 5-6 times;
• stand up (sitting) straight, turning your shoulders, slowly turning your head as far as possible to the right and left, repeat 5-6 times;
• the chin is lowered to the neck, in this position the head is also slowly rotated left and right 5-6 times;
• the head is slightly thrown back, tilt the head left and right, trying to reach the corresponding shoulder with the ear, do 5 times.

Exercise for the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis is repeated regularly. It is especially relevant for a sedentary lifestyle or for a long time in an uncomfortable position.

Circular head movements are not suitable for reloading; such exercises can cause neck injuries.

Exercises for lying down

Supine exercises for cervical osteochondrosis consist of the following actions:

• lie on your back, stretching your legs, then pulling them to your chest, squeezing them with your hands, slowly raise your head, touching your knees with your forehead, after which they too slowly return to their original position;
• the arms are widely extended to the sides and, lifting the body, reach the right palm with the left and vice versa;
• lying on his stomach with legs and arms outstretched, raise the head and shoulders, leaning on the lower part of the body;
• in the same position, the head is turned left and right, returning to its original position each time.

Lying exercises for the treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine are performed 4-5 times, the last - 8-10. While performing any action, they monitor the sensations; if pain occurs, the intensity of the load is reduced.

Drug therapy

In the treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, taking medications is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the disease. Their supporting role is focused on reducing pain, replenishing vitamins and increasing tissue regeneration.

The drugs used in the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis are divided into the following categories:

• anti-inflammatory;
• antispasmodic;
• antioxidants;
• drugs to improve blood supply;
• increased regeneration of cartilage tissues.

In the treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, the general list of prescribed drugs includes tablets, ointments, creams, in some cases injections are also prescribed. In case of significant pain, drugs are used to relieve pain and block the nerve endings.

In the absence of pain and destructive changes, taking medications can be completely useless.

Folk remedies

In the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis, traditional medicine also offers an integrated approach. In addition to decoctions and tinctures, herbal ointments and products are used. Compresses are also made.

The main goal in treatment with folk remedies is to warm the affected area and provide the body with the necessary vitamins for recovery.

The use of prescriptions should be coordinated with the physician - some may interfere with prescribed medications or procedures.

Decoctions and tinctures

The following decoctions are prepared for oral administration in the treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine:

• celery root is chopped through a grater, 3 grams are poured with a liter of boiling water, insisted for 8 hours, filtered, eaten before meals three times a day, one teaspoon;
• sunflower root is finely chopped, a glass of raw materials is poured with three liters of water, boiled for half an hour, taken after meals in small quantities, helps to remove salts from the body;
• 2 tablespoons of yarrow flowers are poured with boiling water, infused for 30-40 minutes, drunk one tablespoon three times a day, used as an anesthetic, anti-inflammatory and sedative;
• 3 tablespoons of burdock are crushed, poured with 250 grams of boiling water, insisted for two hours, filter and add a tablespoon of honey, drink a quarter of a glass 4 times a day before meals;
• with a meat grinder, grind 3 large pitted lemons, 4 cloves of garlic, pour the mixture with two liters of boiling water, drink on an empty stomach, shaking the jar beforehand.

Compress

Lotions and compresses are actively used in the treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine:

• sprinkle cottage cheese with vinegar, mix and make a compress on a sore spot, wrapping it in a warm scarf, you can leave it overnight;
• add one gram of propolis, 50 grams of aloe extract, mustard powder to half a liter of vodka, soak the dressing with a solution, fix it and leave it overnight;
• a potato is passed through a grater, mixed with two tablespoons of honey, rubbed into a sore spot and then wrapped in a warm scarf for the night;
• a spoonful of eucalyptus is poured with a glass of water, boiled for 5 minutes, a spoonful of honey is added, the mixture is applied to the sore spot for two hours.

Ointments

The following recipes are used to rub sore spots with osteochondrosis of the cervical spine:

• the flowers of the mother and stepmother, together with the stems, are poured with ammonia, left to stand in a dark place for a month, are used to lubricate the sore spot;
• prepares a mixture of ginger juice and pharmacy calendula tincture, for sensitive skin it is diluted with water in a 1: 1 ratio, used for rubbing before refilling, helps relieve inflammation and improve blood circulation;
• half a pack of butter is mixed with a spoonful of flour and an egg, then a spoonful of vinegar is added, the mixture is infused for several days in a dark place, the resulting film is thrown away, the solution is used forgrind in case of acute pain.

Massage

In case of cervical osteochondrosis, massage can be an integral part of a complex therapy. In this case, a referral to a specialist is prescribed by the neurologist himself. In case of an independent decision on massage, it is recommended to first consult a doctor.

Taking into account the specificity of the disease, massage with osteochondrosis of the cervical spine should be treated with caution. The procedure is prescribed only with a diagnosed disease, on the recommendation of a doctor and the presence of pain in the neck.

Contraindications to massage for cervical osteochondrosis:

• there are tumors in the body, regardless of localization;
• active tuberculosis;
• untreated STDs;
• skin diseases at the site of inflammation, including moles, warts, cracks, abrasions;
• for diseases of the circulatory system, massage is included in the therapy at the discretion of the doctor;
• aneurysms, ostiomyelitis.

If the procedure is assigned through a specialist, no action is required.

Self-massage for osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is performed taking into account clear instructions and rules:

• captures the area - from the hair growth zone to the level below the shoulders;
• you can act with one or two hands at the same time, depending on convenience;
• a certain sequence of actions must be followed.

The procedure for performing massage for osteochondrosis of the cervical spine includes the following steps:

• for half a minute, with a firmly pressed palm, caress the skin in the area of ​​inflammation;
• the movements continue with pressure with the edge of the palm or with the fingertips
• fingers continue to rub, pulling the skin from the sides to the spine;
• the skin is already kneaded with the capture of the muscles, the movements are maintained at an intense level, but without painful sensations;
• To complete, repeat the first action with a light rub on the palm.

It is recommended to repeat each action 6-7 times, over time it takes half a minute of unhurried movements. With osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, self-massage can be difficult, so they turn to friends or family for help. However, a specialist remains recommended.

Nutrition

Complex treatment of cervical osteochondrosis includes dietary nutrition. It focuses on improving metabolism, as well as saturating the body with the necessary minerals and vitamins that contribute to the restoration and regeneration of tissues.

The basics of the diet for osteochondrosis of the cervical spine include:

• dairy products and fermented milk products;
• lean poultry meat, fish;
• fresh fruit and vegetables;
• nuts and seeds;
• cereals;
• mushrooms.

Recommended recipes for osteochondrosis of the cervical spine include fish and meat jellies, jellied meat, aspic dishes. Pay attention to the use of virgin olive oil. Apply it without heat treatment. The food itself is preferable to boil, cook or steam.

Meals should be divided 5-6 times. For proper absorption, it is recommended to drink half a liter of liquid per day. We prefer pure and mineral water, dried fruit compotes, unsweetened fruit drinks, herbal teas.

For osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, limit the consumption of the following products:

• flour and confectionery products;
• fatty foods, strong meat broths;
• spicy and salty foods or condiments;
• sugar and high-sugar fruit;
• canned food, smoked products;
• legumes.

With osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, the consumption of strong black tea, coffee, alcoholic and carbonated products is also limited.

Complications and dangers

Advanced cervical osteochondrosis can lead to the following complications:

• herniated intervertebral discs;
• protrusion and kyphosis;
• radiculitis, salt deposits in the spine;
• stroke of the spinal cord;
• limb atrophy due to insufficient blood supply, paralysis.

The risk of complications in cervical osteochondrosis arises in the absence of treatment of the disease. Lack of medical care, failure to comply with the prescribed course of treatment, ignorance of the recommendations - all this provokes new pathologies and can end with complete disability of the patient.

Contraindications for osteochondrosis

If the development of cervical osteochondrosis is suspected or the disease has already been diagnosed, the following actions are not allowed:

• for lifting and carrying weights - the loads on the spine do not contribute in any way to the treatment;
• to actively engage in sports - running, walking, swimming are useful, however, excessive loads with simulators will only worsen the situation;
• lead a motionless lifestyle: prolonged absence of movement, warming up, walking in the fresh air has a detrimental effect on the general condition;
• overeating - often osteochondrosis of the cervical spine develops precisely due to excess weight, it is not worth contributing to the aggravation of the situation;
• consume a lot of salt and alcohol - salty and spicy foods, as well as alcohol products, should be completely excluded from the diet;
• careless movements and creaking of the joints - such actions often bring relief, however, they wear out and deform the contact surfaces of the vertebrae;
• sleeping on a high pillow - in this position, the muscles are tense all night, which only complicates the disease;
• sleep in a soft bed - with osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, it is recommended to rest on the floor or on boards;
• wear uncomfortable shoes, use high heels: the lack of full support increases the tension of the spine, often causing it to deform.

Also, with osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, self-diagnosis of the disease and self-medication are not allowed. The course of therapy should be prescribed and monitored by a specialist. Without this, it is not at all worth hoping for recovery, in most cases there will be complications.

Folk healers should be avoided, there is no need to fix and stretch the spine. Such actions can cause serious injuries and complications. Folk recipes are also used only after consulting a specialist.

Prevention

The causes of cervical osteochondrosis in most cases are associated with an incorrect lifestyle.

To prevent and prevent this disease, attention is paid to the following aspects:

• excludes hypodynamia: many sports are suitable for this, including walking, jogging, skiing, swimming, cycling, as well as regular gymnastics and exercise;
• during "sitting" work, attention is paid to the posture (straight back, relaxed shoulders), standard position of the arms and legs, as well as to the support of the spine from the seat side;
• maintaining a stationary position for a long time, take a break every 45 minutes to warm up and restore blood circulation;
• to sleep you choose an elastic mattress, preferably orthopedic, and a pillow that is not too high;
• when lifting weights, the load is distributed on the legs and arms, it is better to lift the weight from a half squat, avoid jerking;
• adhere to the diet - proper diet and fluid intake support metabolism and provide the body with the necessary trace elements.

Relaxation also refers to the prevention of cervical osteochondrosis. Stress and nervous tension should be avoided, often the development of the disease is associated with psychosomatics. Regular visits to the massage therapist are recommended.